Unit+6+Evolution

=Unit 6: Evolution (Natural Selection) =

Chapter 15 + additional resources

Cell Specialization In multicellular organisms, specialized cells perform specialized functions. Organs and organ systems are composed of cells and function to serve the needs of cells for food, air, and waste removal. The way in which cells function is similar in all living organisms Explain that living things can be classified based on structural, embryological, and molecular (relatedness of DNA sequence) evidence. Analyze the relationships among organisms based on their shared physical, biochemical, genetic, and cellular characteristics and functional processes. Changes in Ecosystems Although the interrelationships and interdependence of organisms may generate biological communities in ecosystems that are stable for hundreds or thousands of years, ecosystems always change when climate changes or when one or more new species appear as a result of migration or local evolution. The impact of the human species has major consequences for other species. Recognize and describe that a great diversity of species increases the chance that at least some living organisms will survive in the face of cataclysmic changes in the environment. Theory of Evolution The theory of evolution provides a scientific explanation for the history of life on Earth as depicted in the fossil record and in the similarities evident within the diversity of existing organisms. Summarize the major concepts of natural selection (differential survival and reproduction of chance inherited variants, depending on environmental conditions). Describe how natural selection provides a mechanism for evolution. Summarize the relationships between present-day organisms and those that inhabited the Earth in the past (e.g., use fossil record, embryonic stages, homologous structures, chemical basis). Explain how a new species or variety originates through the evolutionary process of natural selection. Explain how natural selection leads to organisms that are well suited for the environment (differential survival and reproduction of chance inherited variants, depending upon environmental conditions). Explain, using examples, how the fossil record, comparative anatomy and other evidence supports the theory of evolution. Illustrate how genetic variation is preserved or eliminated from a population through natural selection (evolution) resulting in biodiversity. Molecular Evidence Molecular evidence substantiates the anatomical evidence for evolution and provides additional detail about the sequence in which various lines of descents branched. Describe species as reproductively distinct groups of organisms that can be classified based on morphological, behavioral, and molecular structures. Explain that the degree of kinship between organisms or species can be estimated from similarity of their DNA and protein sequences. Trace the relationship between environmental changes and changes in the gene pool, such as genetic drift and isolation of subpopulations. Natural Selection Evolution is the consequence of natural selection, the interactions of (1) the potential for a population to increase its numbers, (2) the genetic variability of offspring due to mutation and recombination of genes, (3) a finite supply of the resources required for life, and (4) the ensuing selection from environmental pressure of those organisms better able to survive and leave offspring. Explain how natural selection acts on individuals, but it is populations that evolve. Relate genetic mutations and genetic variety produced by sexual reproduction to diversity within a given population. Describe the role of geographic isolation in speciation. Give examples of ways in which genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and the diversity of organisms. Explain how evolution through natural selection can result in changes in biodiversity. Explain how changes at the gene level are the foundation for changes in populations and eventually the formation of a new species. Demonstrate and explain how biotechnology can improve a population and species.
 * EVOLUTION (NATURAL SELECTION)**
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